Definition and Examples of Interior Monologues

Definition and Examples of Interior Monologues In both fiction and nonfiction, an interior monologue is the expression of a characters thoughts, feelings, and impressions in a narrative. An interior monologue may be either direct or indirect: direct, in which the author seems not to exist and the interior self of the character is given directly, as though the reader were overhearing an articulation of the stream of thought and feeling flowing through the characters mind;indirect, in which the author serves as selector, presenter, guide, and commentator. (W. Harmon and H. Holman, A Handbook to Literature, 2006) Interior Monologues in Fiction   I looked into the reception room. It was empty of everything but the smell of dust. I threw up another window, unlocked the communicating door and went into the room beyond. Three hard chairs and a swivel chair, flat desk with a glass top, five green filing cases, three of them full of nothing, a calendar and a framed license bond on the wall, a phone, a washbowl in a stained wood cupboard, a hatrack, a carpet that was just something on the floor, and two open windows with net curtains that puckered in and out like the lips of a toothless old man sleeping.The same stuff I had had last year, and the year before that. Not beautiful, not gay, but better than a tent on the beach.(Raymond Chandler, The High Window, 1942)How much better is silence; the coffee cup, the table. How much better to sit by myself like the solitary sea-bird that opens its wings on the stake. Let me sit here for ever with bare things, this coffee cup, this knife, this fork, things in themselves, myself being m yself. Do not come and worry me with your hints that it is time to shut the shop and be gone. I would willingly give all my money that you should not disturb me but let me sit on and on, silent, alone. (Virginia Woolf, The Waves, 1931) Interior Monologue in Tom Wolfe's Nonfiction [I]nterior monologue is appropriate with nonfiction, provided theres fact to back it up. We cant get into a characters head because we suppose, or imagine, or deduce thats what he or she would be thinking. We have to know!See how Tom Wolfe does it in his book about the space program, The Right Stuff. At the outset he explained that his style was developed to grab the readers attention, to absorb them. . . . He wanted to get into the heads of his characters, even if this was nonfiction. And so, at an astronauts press conference, he quotes a reporters question on who was confident about coming back from space. He describe the astronauts looking at one another and hoisting their hands in the air. Then, hes into their heads: It really made you feel like an idiot, raising your hand this way. If you didnt think you were coming back, then you would really have to be a fool or a nut to have volunteered at all. . . . He goes on for a full page, and in writing this way Wolfe has transcended usual nonfiction style; hes offered characterization and motivation, two fiction writing techniques that can bring the reader in lockstep with the writer. Interior monologue provides a chance to see inside the heads of characters, and we know that the more familiar a reader is with a character, the more the reader embraces that character. (William Noble, Writing Nonfiction- Using Fiction. The Portable Writers Conference, 2nd ed., ed. by Stephen Blake Mettee. Quill Driver, 2007) Stylistic Characteristics of Interior Monologue Sentence fragments may be treated as interior monologue (direct speech) or regarded as part of an adjoining stretch of free  indirect speech.Interior monologue may also contain traces of non-verbal thought. While more formal interior monologue uses the first-person pronoun and finite verbs in the present tense, He [Stephen] lifted his feet up from the suck [of the sand] and turned back by the mole of boulders. Take all, keep all. My soul walks with me, form of forms. [. . .] The flood is following me. I can watch it flow past from here. (Ulysses iii; Joyce 1993: 37; my emphasis) In Ulysses James Joyce conducts more radical experiments with the form of the interior monologue, especially in his representation of the thoughts of Leopold Bloom and his wife, Molly. He eschews full sentences with finite verbs in favour of incomplete, often verbless syntagms which simulate Blooms mental leaps as he associates ideas: Hymes jotting down something in his notebook. Ah, the names. But he knows them all. No: coming to me. - I am just taking the names, Hynes said below his breath. What is your christian name? Im not sure. In this example, Blooms impressions and speculations are confirmed by Hynes remarks. (Monika Fludernik, An Introduction to Narratology. Routledge, 2009) Stream of Consciousness and Interior Monologue Although stream of consciousness and interior monologue are often used interchangeably, the former is the more general term. Interior monologue, strictly defined, is a type of stream of consciousness. As such, it presents a characters thoughts, emotions, and fleeting sensations to the reader. Unlike stream of consciousness more generally, however, the ebb and flow of the psyche revealed by interior monologue typically exists at a pre- or sublinguistic level, where images and the connotations they evoke supplant the literal denotative meanings of words. (Ross Murfin and Supryia M. Ray, The Bedford Glossary of Critical and Literary Terms, 2nd ed. Bedford/St. Martins, 2003)

Discuss the financing hierarchy view of corporate liquidity Essay

Discuss the financing hierarchy view of corporate liquidity - Essay Example Considering this relationship predicted by the hierarchy view, it is different from the trade-off view which argues that the relationship between the level of cash and investment maintained by an entity is direct. The hierarchy view also holds that firms raise their levels of cash reserves when they are confident about their future profitability and the fact that new opportunities will require excessive cash reserves (Tirole 2006). The empirical evidence in relation to the corporate policies on liquidity, based on the survey conducted by Deutsche Bank (2006), suggests that a significantly high level of companies surveyed, i.e. 18 percent, maintained liquid cash reserves which were more than 20 percent of their assets, whereas 38 percent survey participants had established credit lines over and above 20 percent of their assets’ value. On the other hand, one interesting finding from the survey revealed that about 50 percent of the participants signified their indifference towards changing liquidity position, had there been no new opportunities in the market (Servaes and Tufano 2006). Thus, holding of cash cannot be deemed for availing new investment opportunities and this is where empirical evidence departs from hierarchy view of corporate liquidity

Existentialism Theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Existentialism Theories - Essay Example Individual choices were circumscribed in order to achieve the more egalitarian distribution of goods and services like education and health care. In some contemporary Islamic nations, individual freedom must conform to religious practices. Individual behavior is also restricted by religious belief in Israel on the Jewish Sabbath and religious holidays and in some communities in the United States on Sundays because of Christian beliefs, On the other hand, religious conservatives often want governments to severely limit the options available to women who want to terminate pregnancies and oppose extending certain legal rights, including health benefits for partners and the right to marry the person they choose, to homosexuals (The Meaning of Freedom in the Modern World, Winter-Spring 2001). When we talk of existentialism, we talk of freedom, choices and action in connection with being human. Christine Daigle stated that â€Å"Existentialism is a philosophy that focuses on human existen ce in its concrete occurrence and on the fact that the human existence is radically free and must make choices and a philosophy that preoccupies itself with themes such as intentionality, being and absurdity, and angst and death. (Existentialist Thinkers and Ethics, 2006). Jean-Paul Sartre, commonly considered the father of Existentialist philosophy and arguably the best known philosopher of the twentieth century (Jean-Paul Sartre, 2011), defines freedom as â€Å"not a being; it is the being of man-i.e. his nothingness of being. If we start by conceiving of man as a plenum, it is absurd to try and find in him afterwards moments or psychic regions in which he would be free. As well look for emptiness in a container which one has filled beforehand up to the brim! Man cannot be sometimes slave and sometimes free; he is wholly and forever free or he is not free at all† (Being and Nothingness, Tr. Hazel E. Barnes (New York. 1966), p. 539). For him, man is freedom. He is always fre e and that it is impossible for man to be â€Å"not free†. A human being responds to specific situations they are faced with and is free to choose as to how to act on them. But in freedom man has some things that he cannot do. He says that we cannot refuse freedom, which is kind of conflicting to his statement that â€Å"man is freedom† if we take it at face value. When he says we cannot refuse freedom, by opting not to choose, man is still choosing, thus exercising freedom. We also cannot escape responsibility. For we are to take responsibility for the consequences of our choices and actions as role models, that others may act accordingly and that every choice he makes not only affects his future but the future of humanity as well. Responsibility is the price that freedom exacts from mankind. According to Existentialism in two plays of Jean-Paul Sartre: One of the most famous claims of ‘Being and Nothingness’ by Sartre is that, we are aware to some extent of our freedom, and the responsibility that comes with it, but we try to hide this from ourselves. We are aware, claims Sartre,

Early Childhood Development Management Essay Example for Free

Early Childhood Development Management Essay Early Childhood Development (ECD) is a holistic, integrated, inclusive approach to Programming, research and policy for young children up to 6 years of age and requires a healthy, safe and nurturing environment that includes opportunities to support the emotional, social, physical, cognitive, and spiritual aspects of children within the context of their community. It welcomes their participation and empowers them as a basis for their future. (â€Å"National Economic Development and Law Center†). Today’s early childhood educators face management and strategic challenges in an increasingly turbulent environment; rapid growth demands increased managerial proficiency. In order to meet these critical challenges, agency leaders must develop entrepreneurial competencies and a firm understanding of core management theories and principles. At times, even the most successful organizations need to redefine business goals and create innovative strategies to excel at a new level. This paper will address the key issues of financial management in an ECD center. Financial management of a school entails School financial analysis and reports, finance policy and procedures, finance resources, school funding, High Yield Investment Accounts, worksheets, taxation and schools education and training funding. (Grossman and Keyes, 231). Finance resources and school funding From National Economic Development and Law Center For the market feasibility analysis for income generation, the financial administrator need to assess what works most effectively for a particular area and the families being targeted. An advertising budget is Set-aside with determination on how to get the most out. A strong market feasibility analysis for a facility development project would prove that there are enough resources. According to (name of first ECD center) there is market demand for child care at rates sufficient to generate revenues to cover not only operating expenses, but also debt service on any loans incurred to develop the facility. Financial feasibility analysis assesses key areas concern with the day care; mainly the number of other child care programs (both center and family based) that already exist in the community; The number of child care spaces already provided in the area; The vacancy rate of other programs in the area; The average cost of care got by contacting and visiting existing providers to find out about their vacancy rates and the kinds of services they offer; The length of current waiting lists that other market-area child care programs currently have; (For existing programs) the length of the business’ waiting list; Age groups that are being served (infants, toddlers, preschoolers, school-age, or a Combination) or that are NOT being served by other programs; Locations of existing child care businesses in your vicinity; The services your proposed business or expansion can provide that other child care providers are not offering, and Types of services offered by existing child care busine sses. (Name of the second center) School financial analysis and reports The administrator describes how the funds being requested will be used. These expenditures should also demonstrate that the center is a good investment, and it shows that the business is financially sound and well managed. The financial analysis section contains four components: Firstly the Summary of financial needs that briefly describes why funding is needed, the type of funding required, total amount needed, and how the funds will be used. Secondly is the A well-prepared development budget showing that the costs involved have been carefully considered including both the line item costs and the known or anticipated sources of funding. Thirdly is financial projections which are financial statements used to predict the future profitability of a business. Projections should be based on realistic research and reasonable assumptions. They include cash flow projections; income (incoming money from parent fees, vouchers, state subsidies, etc. ), and expense projections (health care, tuition or anticipated). Lastly, It is necessary to include financial statements that reflect the businesses past financial activities, a statement of financial position, and a cash flow statement. Previous financial statements or projected statements. (Brealey et al, 1996) Conclusion From Children research, ECD centers ought to be warm nurturing learning environment with trained caring staff, nutritious meals, in a central location of a community having a large safe outdoor play area. These are key areas that a financial administrator should ensure maximum financial support is given as the backbone to the center. (â€Å"Early Childhood Educational Issues†). References: Grossman B, Keyes C Early Childhood Administration, Michigan: Allyn and Bacon National Economic Development and Law Center (2003) Child Care Center Financial Planning and Facilities Development Manual 22nd April 2008 http://www. buildingchildcare. org/CCC%20Manual%20FINAL. pdf Brealey, Richard A. and Myers, Stewart C, Principles of Corporate Finance, New York: McGraw-Hill, (1996). â€Å"Early Childhood Educational Issues. † National Association for the Education of the Young Children. 22nd April 2008 http://www. naeyc. org/ece/. (Name of first ECD center). Personal interview. 22nd April 2008. (Name of the second center). Personal interview. 22nd April 2008.

Definition Essay - The Meaning of Private -- Definition Essays

Definition Essay - The Meaning of Private Freedom and confinement, contradictory as they seem, are both integrated into the description of what it means to be private.   The meaning of private is even further dual in nature when interpreted personally or in community contexts.   On a smaller scale, individual people classify private as an expected amenity, intended to be a confined to oneself.   On the other hand, communities perceive private as the quality of being independent or free from any public organization or institution.   In reference to dictionary definition, there is a dual understanding and common usage of the word private, each derived from the context in which it is used, either individual or communal. The individual perspective derives the meaning of private from the feeling of confidentiality, expected to be reserved for personal or familial possession.   Common usage associates the word â€Å"secret† with private, as a synonym to its’ meaning. Students living in Campbell Hall on campus at MSU claim that privacy, the state of being private, â€Å"isn’t talked about, concea... Definition Essay - The Meaning of Private -- Definition Essays Definition Essay - The Meaning of Private Freedom and confinement, contradictory as they seem, are both integrated into the description of what it means to be private.   The meaning of private is even further dual in nature when interpreted personally or in community contexts.   On a smaller scale, individual people classify private as an expected amenity, intended to be a confined to oneself.   On the other hand, communities perceive private as the quality of being independent or free from any public organization or institution.   In reference to dictionary definition, there is a dual understanding and common usage of the word private, each derived from the context in which it is used, either individual or communal. The individual perspective derives the meaning of private from the feeling of confidentiality, expected to be reserved for personal or familial possession.   Common usage associates the word â€Å"secret† with private, as a synonym to its’ meaning. Students living in Campbell Hall on campus at MSU claim that privacy, the state of being private, â€Å"isn’t talked about, concea...

Promoting Public Health Health And Social Care Essay

This written principle will place and explicate the necessity for the publicity of public wellness and physical activity. It will show an apprehension of the function, map and scenes of public wellness and physical activity publicity by national, regional and local bureaus. It will besides analyze and measure the wellness related theoretical accounts and attacks to public wellness and physical activity publicity.What is Health?There are many definitions for Health. Health means different things to different people, if person does n't imbibe and smoke so they believe that they are healthy, or if they eat a good balanced diet for illustration. The chief most know definition of wellness is from the World Health Organization. World Health Organisation provinces: ‘Health is a province of complete physical, mental, and societal well being, and non simply the absence of disease or frailty. Health is a dynamic status ensuing from a organic structure ‘s changeless accommodation and version in response to emphasiss and alterations in the environment for keeping an interior equilibrium called homeostasis. ‘ World Health Organisation ( 2003 ) This definition nevertheless has non been amended since 1948.What is Health Promotion?Health publicity involves activities to better single and community ‘s wellness and prevent disease. Health publicity activities offer solutions to many of the wellness jobs confronting society through developing accomplishments and cognition, community action, supportive environments, healthy public policy and reorienting wellness services. Health publicity works towards enabling people to increase control over, and better their wellness. With a important proportion of ill-health related to picks about nutrition, exercising, the usage of legal and illegal substances, interpersonal relationships and other societal behaviors, wellness publicity can assist us do picks that support wellbeing. The characteristics of wellness publicity are that it is based on a holistic position of wellness ; it uses participatory attacks it focuses on turn toing the determiners of wellness, non merely wellness jobs. These include the societal, behavioral, economic and environmental conditions that are the root cause of wellness and unwellness such as income, societal position, instruction, employment and working conditions, it builds on bing strengths and assets and it uses multiple, complementary schemes to advance wellness at the person ( downstream ) , community and population ( upstream ) degree.Why is wellness publicity needed?There are frights that the recent coevals and their kids ‘s coevals will age less successfully than the current older one – no surprise given that, although rates of coffin nail smoke are falling, more people are imbibing to a great extent, merely a minority of grownups exercise frequently plenty to keep good wellness and fleshiness rates have great ly increased over the last 20 old ages. Fleshiness is a chief wellness issue which can take to other wellness jobs such as diabetes, high cholesterin, high blood pressure, joint hurting, Nursing Times ( 2009 ) states that ‘these wellness issues can be prevented or delayed by lifestyle steps. A wellness publicity bundle would enable grownups of all ages to take happier and healthier lives. ‘ Around two-thirds of the England population are overweight or corpulent. Fleshiness has grown by about 400 % in the last 25 old ages and on present tendencies will shortly excel smoke as the greatest cause of premature loss of life. ( NHS Dudley, 2012 ) Fleshiness is associated with many wellness jobs including coronary bosom disease, diabetes, kidney failure, degenerative arthritis, back hurting and psychological harm. The strong association between fleshiness and malignant neoplastic disease has merely late come to visible radiation. ( Dodds, 2009 ) Dodds ( 2009 ) estimates the economic costs of fleshiness cautiously at & A ; lb ; 3.3-3.7 billion per twelvemonth and of fleshiness plus corpulence at & A ; lb ; 6.6-7.4 billion. Health publicity for fleshiness is particularly of import because it can assist take down the hazards of many other wellness conditions which so cuts down the economic costs in the hereafter by educating people on the right nutrient and exercising and besides behaviour alteration techniques.Why do we necessitate to Promote Mental Health?Mental wellness publicity does stay the most developing country of wellness publicity even though there is an increasing acknowledgment that ‘there is no wellness without mental wellness ‘ Christodoul ( 2009 ) . Positive mental wellness involves self-prides, being able to work out jobs and the ability to accommodate to emphasize. The demand for positive mental wellness publicity is good and relevent for everyone. Its of import to emphasize to policy shapers and professionals to understand that mental wellness and mental well-being are issues of mundane life. Therefore positive mental wellness demands the coordinated action by all concerned ; through the media, the authorities, local governments, the industry, voluntary administration and through wellness and societal and economic sectors. Most of the clip when people think of mental wellness they look at it in a negative manner, nevertheless this is non the instance. ‘Mental wellness is non merely the absence of mental unwellness. It is defined as a province of wellbeing in which every person realises his or her ain potency, can get by with the normal emphasiss of life, can work fruitfully and productively, and is able to do a part to his or her community. ‘ ( Mental Health Ireland 2013 ) Mental Health is about how people feel about themselves, how they feel about others and how they are able to run into the demands of life. Mental wellness publicity is of import because me mental wellness contributes to all facets of human life, it has of import, less of import and indispensable values for the person, society and civilization. Mental wellness has a shared relationship with the well-being and productiveness of a society and its members. Mental wellness is indispensable for the well-being and operation of all persons. Mental wellness is indispensable for the wellbeing and operation of persons. Good mental wellness is an of import resource for persons, households, communities, and states. Mental wellness, as an indivisible portion of general wellness, contributes to the maps of society, and has an consequence on overall productiveness. Mental wellness concerns everyone as it is generated in our mundane lives in places, schools, workplaces, and in leisure activities. Positive mental wellness contributes to the societal, human, and economic capital of every society. Spiritualty it can do a important part to mental wellness publicity and mental wellness influences religious life. ( World Health Organization, p.21 2004 ) Mental wellness can be regarded as an single resource, which contributes to person ‘s quality of life ; an facet of good mental wellness is the capacity for reciprocally fulfilling and digesting relationships. There is turning grounds that societal coherence is critical for the economic prospering of communities and this relationship appears to be mutual.The function of Health PromotionBehavioral Alterationsin Health PromotionDecision

The Analytical Effectiveness Of The Assessment - 935 Words

As I reflect about the various assessments I utilized for my project, I have mixed feelings about the evaluative effectiveness of the assessments. When I began examine Jen’s formal assessments results (such as, Running Records, BY and EY Benchmarks, Sound Identification/Sigh Word Inventory forms), I believed the assessments would accurately demonstrate a positive progress Jen had made during the course of the year. What I discovered was both an intended and unintended consequence of assessment use. On the one hand, I found the assessments to be useful tools to gauge student literacy abilities. On the other hand, I believe that the focus on assessment led to the teacher developing a deficit-mindset with Jen. Often times Jen’s teacher narrowly would focus on Jen’s inability to be at grade-level or lack of drastic improvement. In fact, the only thought Jen’s teacher had was on the fact that Jen did not meet the expected reading level for the end of the year for K-2. I believe if teachers rely too much on assessment scores limits their ability to understand external factors or barriers that influence a child’s literacy. McKenna and Picard (2007) discuss the importance for teachers to view students’ word miscue analysis beyond the checks on paper and formulas. McKenna and Picard caution teachers to avoid focusing on the assessment scores because they believe children reading strategies to decode words or understand a word meaning does not always mean reading proficiency.Show MoreRelatedThe Current Practice Of Classroom Assessment1369 Words   |  6 Pagesteacher to assess student’s skills. The questionnaire provides details about the current practic e of classroom assessment. It was noticed that in Korean middle schools performance based tasks were mainly focused, classroom speaking assessment was mostly conducted in the form of testing using speaking performance tasks to evaluate the topic or follow the education policy of Korea. 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